I. China's achievements and exploration 

　　Despite a weak agricultural foundation and extreme poverty, the CPC has led an unremitting campaign of hard work over the past 70 years that has made China basically self-sufficient in food supply. China now has enough food to feed its nearly 1.4 billion population and has remarkably improved the people's nutrition and life quality. China's food security is a success of worldwide significance. 

　　1.1 Significantly improved food production capacity 

　　China is self-reliant in securing its own food supply; its people now have not only enough to eat, but also a greater range of choices.  

　　Steady growth in food output. In 2020, China's total grain output reached nearly 670 million tons, exceeding the threshold of 650 million tons for six consecutive years; the average grain yield per hectare reached 5730 kg, and the per capita grain output hit 474 kg, higher than the world average.  

　　Advances in the strategy of increasing farmland productivity based on sustainable farmland use and innovative application of agricultural technology. By the end of 2020, China has built 53.3 million hectare of high-standard farmland; the area of farmland with effective irrigation has exceeded 66.7 million hectare; the effective utilization coefficient of irrigation water has reached 0.56, with half of the farmland resilient to both drought and water logging. Progress in agricultural science and technology contributes to over 60% of agricultural production. China has made breakthroughs in breeding innovation: China has established efficient breeding technology systems for super rice, dwarf sterile wheat, hybrid corn, etc., successfully bred thousands of high-yield and high-quality new varieties and combinations, and realized several large-scale upgrades. Improved varieties have basically covered all major crops and the level of agricultural mechanization has been greatly improved. The comprehensive mechanization rate of crops exceeded 71%; whole process mechanization has been basically realized for wheat; and the comprehensive mechanization rates of corn and rice exceeded 90% and 85% respectively. 

　　1.2 Constantly improved food supply system 

　　Market-based development of agriculture and rural areas has been continuously improved, with remarkable achievements in the development of distribution systems, capacity building of market players, brand building and the improvement of market regulation mechanisms.  

　　Full coverage of the market system of agricultural products basically achieved. Wholesale markets have been growing and thriving, and a fast and convenient network of circulation that connects urban and rural areas and aligns production with marketing has taken shape. A modern agricultural products circulation system with wholesale markets as hubs, retail open markets as foundations, chained supermarkets, retail networks and e-commerce as complements and storage facilities as support has been formed. Cold chain logistics are well developed, and the e-commerce of agricultural products is booming. A new type of supply chain of agricultural products is gradually formed with e-commerce businesses as the main body and connection with both production and consumption. In 2020, China’s online retail sales of agricultural products reached 575 billion yuan. The futures market of agricultural products is growing rapidly. There are 27 agricultural futures and 6 agricultural options traded in China, and China's agricultural futures market ranks the second in the world in terms of size and plays an increasingly prominent role in guarding against agricultural market risks.  

　　Ever stronger market players of diverse types. New types of actors of agricultural production and operation emerged, such as specialized farming households, family farms, farmers' cooperatives and leading agricultural enterprises. The main body of agricultural products circulation consists of agricultural producers, processors, dealers, brokers and intermediaries. The close bonds of interests among diverse market players have given rise to a variety of models of circulation of agricultural products, including ‘farmers + purchasers + wholesalers + retailers’, ‘farmers + cooperatives + leading enterprises’, ‘contract farming’, ‘direct purchase programs between farmers and supermarkets and between farmers and communities (neighborhoods)’. The number of large-scale food processing enterprises has increased greatly in China; and the product structure has been continuously optimized, with a rising share of refined and deep processing products. In 2020, business revenue of China's food manufacturing industry reached 1.96 trillion yuan. 

　　1.3 Constantly improved ability for sustainable development 

　　China believes that lucid waters and lush mountains are invaluable assets and sticks to the path of sustainable development. China has continuously increased support for the protection of resources, environment and ecology and made positive progress in sustainable development.  

　　Effective farmland protection. China emphasizes the protection of farmland quantity, quality and ecology, implements the national master plan for land use and strictly observes the red line of a minimum of 120 millon hectare of farmland. China has fully implemented a special permanent capital farmland protection scheme and designated 103.3 million hectare of permanent capital farmland.  

　　Steadily improved resource use efficiency. China has vigorously disseminated water-saving irrigation technologies such as pipe irrigation, sprinkler irrigation and micro-irrigation, intensified efforts on promoting fertigation and agronomic water-saving technologies and widely extended technologies such as scientific fertilization, water-saving irrigation and green prevention and control. In 2020, the utilization rates of chemical fertilizers and pesticides of rice, wheat and corn (the three main grain crops) reached 40.2% and 40.6% respectively; the recovery and reuse rate of mulches exceeded 80%; and the comprehensive utilization rates of straws and animal and poultry manures and wastes reached 87% and 76% respectively. Green production has become the prevailing trend for modern agriculture.  

　　Constantly intensified ecological protection. China has implemented a number of major programs and subsidy policies, including soil and water conservation, returning farmland for forests and grassland, returning grazing land for grassland, preventing and controlling desertification, controlling rocky desertification, fishing moratorium and fishing ban, subsidizing and rewarding grassland ecological protection, and conservation agriculture on the black soil in Northeast of China. China has also carried out pilot projects of farmland rotation and fallow systems, strengthened the protection of farmland, forest, grassland, ocean, river and lake ecosystems, and intensified the prevention and control of invasive species. The trend of agricultural ecological deterioration has been contained and agricultural ecology is improved in some areas. In 2020, the national forest coverage reached 23.04%. The comprehensive vegetation coverage of grassland in China reached 56.1%. 

　　1.4 Significantly improved health and nutrition of residents 

　　The living standard of the Chinese people has been continuously improved, the nutrition supply capacity remarkably enhanced, and the nutrition and health of the Chinese people significantly improved.  

　　Rich and diverse diets. In 2019, the per capita output of oilseeds, pork, beef and mutton, aquatic products, milk, vegetables and fruits were 25.0 kg, 38.7 kg, 46.4 kg, 22.9 kg, 515.9 kg and 196 kg respectively. Per capita direct consumption of grain decreased, while the consumption of animal-derived food, food based on ligneous plants, vegetables, fruits and other non-grain food increased, shaping a more diverse and nutritious dietary structure.  

　　Better nutrition. Monitoring data from the National Health Commission of China shows the per capita daily intake of Chinese residents as follows: 2,172 kcal of calorie, 65 grams of protein, 80 grams of fat and 301 grams of carbohydrates. Chinese urban and rural residents have an adequate supply of dietary energy, with sufficient intake of three major nutrients (proteins, fat and carbohydrates). The proportion of carbohydrate intake has fallen, and those of fat and quality protein intake have risen. The average height of adults continues to increase, and the growth and development of children and adolescents continues to improve. The stunting rate of children under 6 has dropped to below 7%, and the low weight rate has dropped to below 5%, both reaching the targets in the national plan for 2020. The anemia rate of residents aged 18 and above is 8.7% in China, the anemia rate of children and adolescents aged 6-17 is 6.1%, and the anemia rate of pregnant women is 13.6%, significantly lower than their respective figures in 2015. 

　　1.5 Full victory in the fight against poverty 

　　China sticks to the principle of people-centered development, attaches great importance to the elimination of hunger and poverty, and has explored a successful road to develop rural economy, increase farmers' income and eliminate hunger and poverty, with outstanding achievements in targeted poverty alleviation and eradication.  

　　Poverty eradication for all rural poor. By the end of 2020, China has completed the goal and task of poverty eradication in the new era on schedule. By the current standard, 98.99 million rural poor people are out of poverty, 832 counties and 128,000 villages graduated from poverty. Regional poverty has been addressed and the arduous task of eliminating absolute poverty has been accomplished. Absolute poverty was eliminated for the first time in the thousands of years history of the Chinese nation. China was ten years ahead of the schedule to achieve the poverty reduction goal of the United Nations (UN) 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, making great contributions to global poverty reduction and development of the humanity. The per capita disposable income of rural residents in poverty-stricken areas has increased from 6,079 yuan in 2013 to 12,588 yuan in 2020, and people out of poverty no longer need to worry about food and clothing and have guaranteed access to compulsory education, basic medical care and housing.  

　　Fundamental changes to the backwardness of areas out of poverty. Infrastructure construction develops by leaps and bounds, social undertakings make great headway; challenges in accessing road, water, electricity and communication infrastructure has been solved once and for all. All towns, townships and incorporated villages with proper conditions have access to hardened roads, buses and postal roads. 1.1 million kilometers of rural roads were built or rebuilt, and 35,000 kilometers of railway mileage were added. The reliability of rural power supply in poverty-stricken areas reached 99%, the share of poverty-stricken villages with access to power supply within the coverage of state power grids reached 100%, and the share of poverty-stricken villages with access to optical fiber and 4G exceeded 98%. 

　　1.6 Outstanding achievements in international agricultural cooperation 

　　China is opening wider to the outside world for mutually beneficial and win-win cooperation and making important contributions to world agricultural development and food security. 

　　Broader international agricultural cooperation. China has established long-term and stable agricultural cooperative relations with more than 140 countries and put in place stable agricultural cooperative mechanisms with more than 60 countries. China has also established long-term and stable agricultural cooperative relations with the UN Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), the UN World Food Programme (WFP),  the Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research (CGIAR) and the World Bank (WB), and developed agricultural cooperation mechanisms such as the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) and China, Japan and South Korea agricultural cooperation, Shanghai Cooperation Organization's agricultural cooperation, and China-Central and Eastern European Countries (CEEC) forum of agricultural trade and economic cooperation. 

　　Fruitful South-South Cooperation. China shares applicable agricultural technologies, successful experience and technical equipment with other developing countries by building agricultural technology demonstration centers for the recipient countries, sending agricultural experts and agricultural vocational teachers, providing agricultural management and technical training, and donating various agricultural supplies, so as to support other developing countries to improve their agricultural production, increase farmers' income, alleviate rural poverty and promote sustainable agricultural development. From 2010 to 2015, China dispatched 225 people in 23 groups to implement foreign agricultural assistance tasks, developed 428 new technologies for other developing countries, completed 52 construction projects of various types, and provided technical training for nearly 40,000 people. China has successfully completed 433 phases of agricultural foreign assistance training tasks and trained 11,628 foreign agricultural officials and technicians. In 2020, under the impact of the locust plagues, China provided over 400 tons of malathion pesticides, over 2,000 powered backpack sprayers, over 3,500 hand-held ultra-low volume sprayers, and 4,000 sets of protective clothing, masks and gloves for other developing countries including Pakistan, Ethiopia, Kenya and Uganda. China worked with the WFP in a pragmatic and efficient manner to build the Humanitarian Response Depot and Hub in China and provide support for international humanitarian relief and transshipment of supplies to fight against pandemics. 

　　Since the launch of South-South Cooperation by the FAO in 1996, China has sent nearly 1,100 agricultural experts and technicians to more than 40 countries and regions in Africa, Asia, the South Pacific and the Caribbean, accounting for 47% of countries covered and 60% of people dispatched under the FAO South-South Cooperation framework. Under the FAO framework, Chinese experts demonstrated and promoted more than 1,000 agricultural technologies to host countries in the fields of crop production, livestock, aquaculture, farmland water conservancy and agro-processing, which led to an average increase in crop output by 30%-60% in project areas. Nearly 100,000 local farmers received practical training, with spill-over effects on 1 million smallholders. China’s efforts have been widely commended by host countries and the international community. 

　　II. Challenges in the transformation of China's food systems 

　　While making great achievements, China’s food system transformation is also facing new challenges with the evolving domestic and international environment. 

　　First, rising constraints of resources and environment. With a large population and scarce land and water resources, China is under mounting pressure to keep to the threshold of 120 million hectare of farmland. High-intensity and extensive mode of production in some areas lead to unbalanced structure and degraded functions of agro-pastoral ecosystems. Second, prominent mismatch between smallholders and large markets. According to the Third National Agricultural Census, smallholders account for more than 98% of all agricultural players and cultivated 70% of the total area of farmland in China. The pattern of small, fragmented and weak agricultural production has become an important constraint to the improvement of agricultural labor efficiency and China’s international competitiveness. Third, growing influence of climate change. Climate change has led to frequent and extensive occurrence of extremely high temperature, drought, flood, hail, pests and diseases, posing severe threats to food security and farmers' livelihood. Fourth, high pressure from supplying food. Consumers are increasingly demanding on agricultural products and food. Food consumption structure is changing, and food consumption demand remains rising. Fifth, rising share of unbalanced nutritional structure. Malnutrition resulted from structural imbalance still exists, and nutrition-related chronic diseases are on the rise. 

　　III. Basic considerations for transformation and development 

　　New challenges keep emerging in the process of transformation. China is under immense pressure to steadily develop food production and ensure diversified supply, while sticking to green development and sustainable utilization of resources. To ensure domestic food security, China will keep to the people-centered approach, fully implement a new concept of innovative, coordinated, green, open and shared development, carry forward the National Food Security Strategy and Rural Vitalization Strategy, stick to the road of food security with Chinese characteristics, think globally and act locally. On the basis of domestic food security, China will join hands with other in addressing global hunger and promoting the healthy development of global food endeavor. 

　　3.1 New concept of food security. The goal of food production has shifted from single-minded pursuit for high output to one that is nutrition-sensitive, with emphases on high yield, high quality, high efficiency, ecological protection and safety. 

　　Take a holistic approach to agriculture and food. Food resources shall be developed in a multi-dimensional manner and through multiple approaches, while keeping in mind the general picture of China’s land and resources, so as to meet people’s increasingly diversified food consumption demands. The supply-side structural reform in agriculture shall be advanced to guarantee the quantity, diversity and quality of food production. Efforts will be made to cultivate improved varieties, improve quality, build brands and follow standards. Emphasis will be given to increase the supply of quality, green and specialty agricultural products. The overall object is to enable quality and efficient agriculture, enjoyable and livable rural area and rich and content farmers.  

　　Take a holistic approach to nutrition and health. China pursues coordinated development between food supply and people's nutritional demands and accelerates the production of nutritious and quality edible agricultural products. New types of nutritional and healthy food will be developed to meet the needs of different groups of people, with focus on producing dietary supplements, fortified food and double-protein food. China has formulated the China Food and Nutrition Development Outline, implemented National Nutrition Programs, popularized dietary nutrition knowledge and issued dietary guidelines tailored to different groups of people to shape residents’ scientifically robust dietary pattern. 

　　3.2 Strengthen food supply capacity. China will continue to consolidate its food producing capacity and ensure the supply of important agricultural products such as grain, cotton, oil, sugar, meat and milk. 

　　Developing food production by relying on farmland management. China will stick to the most stringent policies on farmland protection, prioritize farmland quantity protection and quality improvement, strictly observe the threshold of a minimum of 120 million hectare of farmland by stopping non-agriculture use of farmland and strictly controlling non-food use of farmland. Efforts will be made to strengthen the construction of farmland water conservancy infrastructure, upgrade small-scale water conservancy projects and build additional supporting structures for medium and large areas of irrigation. China will build more high-standard farmland protected from drought and flood and, improve farmland quality by implementing the National Black Soil Protection Program, and step up management of degraded farmland such as acidified land in the South and salty and alkalized land in the North. High standards will be introduced to the construction of vegetable greenhouses and animal farming facilities for higher resilience to disasters. 

　　Developing food production by relying on technological application. China will strengthen agricultural basic research and greatly enhance its original innovation capability. China will accelerate science and technology innovation in seed industry and strive for breakthroughs in improving seed technologies. Based on solid science and strict supervision, China will put research into use and make breakthroughs in core technologies such as germplasm innovation, new variety breeding, efficient breeding, processing and distribution. China will strengthen the R&D and application of large and medium-sized, intelligent and multiple-purpose agricultural machineries, and raise the level of agricultural mechanization. China will improve agricultural science and technology innovation systems, promote the deep integration of production, education, research and application, remove institutional barriers, and release the vigor and vitality of innovation. China will improve basic conditions for agricultural scientific research. China will strengthen the development of disaster prevention and reduction systems by using modern information technology, strengthening animal disease prevention and crop pest control systems and improving drought and flood monitoring, forecasting and impact assessment services. China will improve disaster relief systems to strengthen early warning and forecasting of geological disasters and the management of secondary disasters. 

　　Optimize agricultural structure. China will pursue balanced production of grain crops, cash crops and feed crops and coordinated development of agriculture, forestry, livestock and fishery. China will build production belts of competitive agricultural products and production areas of specialty agricultural products to vigorously increase the supply of green and quality agricultural products. China will vigorously develop modern livestock sector. Guided by the market demands, China will optimize industrial structure by stabilizing pig production and developing poultry farming, herbivorous animal (cattle and sheep) farming and specialty animal/insect (bee, horse, donkey and pigeon) farming. We will vigorously develop modern pasture-based animal farming, promote the switch from grain to feed stuff production and increase the supply of quality forage. Efforts will be stepped up to develop ecologically friendly and healthy aquaculture, optimize species structure, and promote the farming of specialty and quality species, such as fish, shrimp, crab, shellfish, algae, ginseng. We will develop readily marketable, famous, specialty and quality species, high value-added species and low-consumption and low-emission species. We will actively develop facility agriculture, forestry and fruit industry respecting local conditions. 

　　Innovation in institutions and mechanisms. Aiming at developing modern agriculture, we should establish new systems for agricultural operations that are intensive, specialized, well organized and commercialized, so as to further release and develop rural productive forces. Efforts will be made as follows: improve the scheme of separation of rights of ownership, contract and operation of rural land (the Separation of Three Rights); develop various forms of operations of moderate scales on the basis of household contract management, promote the shift from small-scale and fragmented operations to moderate-scale operations by diverse players, so as to better organize agricultural production and operation; improve specialized agricultural service systems to promote smooth connection between smallholders and modern agriculture; support farmers to participate in large-scale and industrialized operations through shareholding system, shareholding cooperative system, etc.; improve support policies for smallholders, provide innovative agricultural financial and insurance products and put smallholders on the right track to modern agricultural development. 

　　Build modern grain circulation systems. China places equal importance on market-oriented reform and the protection of farmers' interests. Reforms of the grain purchase and storage system and the price formation mechanism advance will steadily in compliance with rules of the World Trade Organization (WTO), that market vitality will be boosted and a balance between demand and supply can be achieved. China is accelerating efforts to shape a modern grain market system that is harmonized, open, competitive and organized. China endeavors to strengthen the construction of grain storage and logistics facilities and improve the efficiency of grain logistics and circulation. China will promote quality grain programs, develop deep and intensive processing and conversion of grain, boost the production of high-quality grain, purchase it at higher prices, and prioritize its storage, processing and sales, and increase the supply of green, high-quality and specialty grains and edible oils, in an effort to promote high-quality development of the grain industry. 

　　3.3 Path to sustainable development. Believing that lucid waters and lush mountains are invaluable assets, China implements the strategy of sustainable development and promote environment-friendly agricultural production. 

　　Develop ecological friendly and circular agriculture. Priorities are given to the following: optimize the layout of agricultural production, take a context-specific approach to develop agriculture, livestock or forestry, and gradually shape a new pattern of agricultural production with agricultural productivity matching the carrying capacity of resources and environment; actively develop ecological friendly and circular agriculture modes such as rice-fishing farming system, livestock-biogas-fruit system and under-forest economy; launch pilots and demonstrations to disseminate modes of technologies and operations of ecological friendly and circular agriculture. 

　　Improve resource use efficiency. Efforts are made to promote efficient agricultural technologies that save water, fertilizer, pesticide and other inputs based on local conditions, reduce fertilizer and pesticide application for efficiency gains and extend products and technologies for green prevention and control of crop pests and diseases; strengthen the R&D of degradable mulches, improve the recovery and recycling of mulches, and promote comprehensive use of straws and the upcycling of livestock and poultry manure. 

　　Strengthen quality management certification. China will improve the standard system of green agriculture and strengthen the certification management of green food, organic agricultural products and geographical indication (GI) agricultural products; promote variety and quality improvement, brand building and standardized production, develop green, organic and GI agricultural products; strengthen full-chain supervision over the quality and safety of agricultural products and improve traceability systems. 

　　Strengthen agricultural ecological protection. China will strengthen land spatial planning and use control by delimiting red lines for ecology and coastline protection, designating permanent capital farmland and identifying urban development boundaries. China implements the strategy of sustainable development, featuring overall protection, systematic restoration and comprehensive management. China promotes the protection and restoration of agricultural ecological resources, upholds the concept of harmony between man and nature and a community shared between man and nature, and manages (mountain, river, forest, field, lake, grassland and desert) landscapes in a systematic manner. China will continue with management of water and soil erosion, desertification and rocky desertification and afforestation campaigns. China promotes rehabilitation of grassland, forests, rivers and lakes, and consolidates the achievements of returning farmland for forests and grassland, returning farmland for lakes and wetland, and returning reclamation for beach and sea; strengthen the conservation of aquatic living resources and introduce fishing ban and moratorium to key waters; improve compensation mechanisms for ecological protection of forests and wetland. 

　　Reduce food loss and waste. China advocates a sustainable production mode that is resource efficient, environment-friendly, ecologically sound and circular, so as to reduce loss and waste in production. Post-harvest loss will be reduced by using new technologies, new equipment and new processes, establishing modern post-harvest service systems, and providing farmers with technical training and services on appropriate grain storage. Policies and regulations and communication campaigns are strengthened to oppose food waste and advocate a moderate, economical, green and low-carbon lifestyle and consumption pattern. 

　　3.4 Development for all. China makes sure that the fruits of reform and development are shared by all. China is fully implementing the Rural Vitalization Strategy to bridge the gaps among regions and between urban and rural areas. With the income gap narrowing, development could benefit all, and people could enjoy stronger sense of fulfillment, happiness and security. 

　　Connect poverty alleviation and rural vitalization. A five-year transitional period is set up, during which, existing assistance policies will be steadily implemented. In areas out of poverty, programs will be implemented to upgrade specialty crop production and animal farming, facilitate matchmaking between producers and purchasers and provide consumption-based assistance. Policy support will be strengthened for key counties and cities in terms of finance, land, human resources, infrastructure and public services. Assistance mechanisms will be improved to strengthen regional cooperation, industrial cooperation and labor cooperation.  

　　Regular support for rural low-income groups. China implements dynamic monitoring of rural low-income population and provides targeted assistance. Development-oriented assistance will be provided for rural low-income population with working ability to enable them to start business, participate in employment and become rich through hard work. For people out of poverty who have lost their ability to work and cannot obtain stable income through employment, we include them in assistance schemes to receive special and temporary assistance by category on the basis of the social security net. 

　　Full-fledged rural vitalization. Rural vitalization is driven by industrial development. We build the whole industrial chain of agriculture based on special and competitive resources and develop new business formats, including agro-processing, rural tourism, leisure agriculture and rural e-commerce. We explore innovative benefit linkage mechanisms to help farmers share benefits from industrial value-addition. We advance rural undertakings and infrastructure development, bringing roads, water, electricity, gas and mobile communication services to rural areas, to improve rural environment and make rural living more convenient. We promote integrated urban and rural development, facilitate the free flow and equal exchange of urban and rural factors of production, optimize resource allocation and stimulate vitality of agricultural and rural development. 

　　Gender equality and women's all-round development. China sticks to the basic national policy of equality between men and women, gives priority to children's development, improves caring services for the disabled, and protects the development rights and opportunities of women, minors and the disabled. China works to improve women's development environment, guarantee women's rights and interests in health services, education and employment, guarantee rural women's land rights and interests, and eliminate gender discrimination. 

　　3.5 Opening up and cooperation. China is opening wider and deeper to the outside world. Multi-dimensional and all-faceted agricultural cooperation is being pursued by leveraging China's ultra-large market. China is willing to join hands with others to respond to external challenges and build a community of shared future for mankind. 

　　Open wider to the outside world. China will continue to deepen bilateral, multilateral and regional cooperation, strengthen the sharing of high-quality agricultural resources, promote the appropriate flow of factors, optimize and stabilize the industrial chain and supply chain, accelerate financing for agricultural trade and jointly build industrial cooperation zones for shared development. China will accelerate the implementation of the free trade zone strategy and further open up the market; actively integrate into the global agricultural industrial chain, supply chain and value chain, and accelerate foreign agricultural investment cooperation; deepen grain trade and economic cooperation with countries under the Belt and Road Initiative, jointly build new platforms for international grain cooperation, and promote the orderly and free flow of agricultural resources and deep market integration among Belt and Road countries. 

　　Safeguard world food security. China will strengthen cooperation and exchanges with relevant international governance institutions and platforms such as the FAO, the International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD), WFP, and the Committee on World Food Security (CFS) and participate in and promote action plans initiated by FAO, G20 and APEC to establish global and regional food reserve systems and food security governance mechanisms and to ban food embargo. China endeavors to maintain the multilateral trading system, actively participate in the reform of the WTO, and jointly safeguard the stability and smoothness of the global grain industrial chain and supply chain. China stands ready to explore new modes of international food cooperation and contribute to a new, safer, more stable and more robust pattern of international food security. 

　　Deepen South-South Cooperation. The international community should constantly strengthen the pattern of international development cooperation with North-South Cooperation as the main channel and South-South Cooperation as complements. As a big country in the world, China is willing to pursue innovative models of South-South Cooperation, make positive contributions to resolving regional food crisis and rendering assistance to poor countries. China will help other developing countries in particular the least developed countries within its capacity, contribute more Chinese wisdom in improving global food production capacity, and make active efforts to achieve the UN Sustainable Development Goal to end hunger, achieve food security and improve nutrition and promote sustainable agriculture. 

　　Participate in international cooperation on climate change. China follows the principles of fairness, common but differentiated responsibilities and respective capabilities (CBDR-RC) in constructively participating in and guiding international cooperation on climate change and promotes the implementation of the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) and its Paris Agreement. China is willing to actively carry out South-South Cooperation on climate change in agriculture, share best practices on climate change mitigation and adaptation in agriculture, and help other developing countries improve their ability and resilience to cope with climate change. China will continue to promote international cooperation in agricultural greenhouse gas inventory-based accounting, biomass energy, disaster prevention and reduction, ecological protection and climate smart agriculture.